Frame Relay Bridging

dengan frame relay bridging 2 host yang berjauhan dapat terhubung seolah-olah dalam satu LAN dengan alamat subnet yang sama.

integrated routing bridging (irb) menjadikan router untuk melakukan bridging namun tetap melakukan routing.
R1(config)#bridge irb
R1(config)#bridge 1 protocol ieee
R1(config)#bridge 1 route ip
R1(config)#interface f0/0
R1(config-if)#bridge-group 1
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config)#interface s1/0
R1(config-if)#bridge-group 1
R1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
diperlukan mapping bridge ke DLCI,          
R1(config-if)#frame-relay map bridge 102 broadcast
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#interface bvi1
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0

R2(config)#bridge irb
R2(config)#bridge 1 protocol ieee
R2(config)#bridge 1 route ip
R2(config)#interface f0/0
R2(config-if)#bridge-group 1
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#interface s1/0
R2(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R2(config-if)#bridge-group 1
R2(config-if)#frame-relay map bridge 201 broadcast
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#interface bvi1
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.20 255.255.255.0

Konfig IP address vpcs

VPCS[1]> ip 192.168.1.1 24
PC1 : 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
VPCS[1]> 2
VPCS[2]> ip 192.168.1.2 24
PC2 : 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

VPCS[2]> ping 192.168.1.1
192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.774 ms
192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.776 ms
192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=1.485 ms
192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=1.347 ms
192.168.1.1 icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.940 ms

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Frame Relay Hub And Spoke

Frame Relay Hub and Spoke topologi nya seperti Star, jadi ada ruter yang menjadi spoke dan Satu yang menjadi Hub, Hub ini sebagai penghubung antara ruter Spoke.
Mapping antara Hub dengan Spoke bisa menggunakan Dynamic Mapping / InARP "frame-relay interface-dlci" maupun statik mapping "frame-relay map". sedangkan mapping antar spoke harus menggunakan Statik Mapping.
Agar lebih jelas kita bahas langsung saja contoh Topologi Frame Relay Hub and Spoke dibawah ini :

contoh hub and spoke

R1 sebagai Hub menggunakan Main interface S1/0 Multipoint dan memiliki dua PVC dengan nilai DLCI 102 untuk ke R2 dan DLCI 103 ke R3. Sedangkan yang menjadi Spoke adalah R2 dengan sub-interface point-to-point dan R3 dengan sub-interface multipoint.

R1(config)#interface s1/0
ingat main interface defaultnya adalah multipoint, untuk koneksi dengan R2 dan R3 bisa dynamic / statik mapping

R1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R1(config-if)#ip add 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0   
R1(config-if)#frame-relay interface-dlci 102
R1(config-fr-dlci)#frame-relay interface-dlci 103

Konfigurasi Spoke:

R2(config)#interface s1/0
R2(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#interface s1/0.1 point
ingat sub-interface bisa dikonfigurasikan menjadi point-to-point / multipoint, tapi bila telah dikonfigurasikan point maka tidak bisa diganti menjadi multipoint kecuali direload

R2(config-subif)#ip add 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 201

R3(config)#interface s1/0
R3(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R3(config-if)#no shut
R3(config-if)#interface s1/0.1 multipoint
R3(config-subif)#ip address 10.10.10.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 301

Untuk frame relay switch bisa menggunakan Router biasa yang dikonfigurasikan sebagai frame-relay switch

FRSW(config)#frame-relay switching
FRSW(config)#interface s1/0
FRSW(config-if)#description **ke R1**
FRSW(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay route 102 interface s1/1 201
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay route 103 interface s1/2 301
FRSW(config-if)#no shut
FRSW(config-if)#interface s1/1
FRSW(config-if)#description **ke R2**
FRSW(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay route 201 interface s1/0 102
FRSW(config-if)#no shut
FRSW(config-if)#interface s1/2
FRSW(config-if)#description **ke R3**
FRSW(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay route 301 interface s1/0 103
 (config-if)#no shut.

kita lihat mapping detailnya pada Semua router

R1#show frame-relay map
Serial1/0 (up): ip 10.10.10.2 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), dynamic,
              broadcast,, status defined, active
Serial1/0 (up): ip 10.10.10.3 dlci 103(0x67,0x1870), dynamic,
              broadcast,, status defined, active
R2#show frame-relay map
Serial1/0.1 (up): point-to-point dlci, dlci 201(0xC9,0x3090), broadcast
          status defined, active
R3#show frame-relay map
Serial1/0.1 (up): ip 10.10.10.1 dlci 301(0x12D,0x48D0), dynamic,
              broadcast,, status defined, active

R2 point-to-point disitu tidak memiliki informasi L3 address dari pasanganya, itu karena pada point-to-point tidak membutuhkan mapping L3 ke L2. alasan kenapa pada Interface-nya dikonfigurasikan "frame-relay interface dlci" adalah agar router tau DLCI yang datang itu berasosiasi dengan subinterface yang mana. Sebenarnya R2 disini mendapat informasi L3 dari InARP namun informasi ini diabaikan.
Sekarang masalahnya ada di R3, Interface multipoint disitu hanya memiliki mapping untuk L3 milik R1. sedangkan untuk spoke to spoke  menuju R2 harus kita tambahkan lagi statik mapping "frame-relay map ip". pada R2 apabila ada paket ke manapun dalam subnet 10.10.10.0 akan dikirimkan ke DLCI 201 karena memang dia hanya memiliki satu VC.

R3#ping 10.10.10.2
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.10.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

R3(config-subif)#frame-relay map ip 10.10.10.2 301 broadcast

penambahan perintah broadcast agar router mengirimkan semua pesan broadcast ke dlci ini. karena frame relay adalah network non broadcast multi access.

R3#ping 10.10.10.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 32/45/68 ms

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FR PPPoFR dan Multilink

Sebenarnya Frame Relay tidak mendukung authentikasi, dan fitur PPP lainya. tapi bisa diatasi dengan menggunakan virtual-template. dengan begitu authentikasi CHAP PPP dapat digunakan pada frame-relay.
Selain authentikasi, virtual-template juga digunakan untuk PPP multilink dimana beberapa link bisa dibundle menjadi satu. dengan begitu ada jaminan  redudancy apabila satu PVC down bisa menggunakan yang lainya.

R1(config)#interface s1/0
set enkapsulasinya menggunakan frame-relay, kemudian asosiasikan dlci ke virtual-template. untuk username menggunakan hostname router pasangan.
R1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R1(config-if)#frame-relay interface-dlci 102 ppp virtual-template 1
R1(config-fr-dlci)#no shut
R1(config)#interface s1/1
R1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R1(config-if)#frame-relay interface-dlci 204 ppp virtual-template 1
R1(config-fr-dlci)#no shut

R1(config-fr-dlci)#interface virtual-template 1

R1(config-if)#ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#ppp multilink

R1(config-if)#ppp authentication chap

R1(config-if)#username R3 password cisco

R3(config)#int s0/0

R3(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay

R3(config-if)#frame-relay interface-dlci 201 ppp virtual-template 1

R3(config-fr-dlci)#no shut

R3(config-if)#int s0/1

R3(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay

R3(config-if)#frame-relay interface-dlci 402 ppp virtual-template 1

R3(config-fr-dlci)#no shut

R3(config-if)#int virtual-template 1

R3(config-if)#ip add 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#ppp multilink

R3(config-if)#ppp authentication chap

R3(config-if)#username R1 password cisco

R1#show ppp multilink

Virtual-Access4
  Bundle name: R3
  Remote Username: R3
  Remote Endpoint Discriminator: [1] R3
  Local Username: R1
  Local Endpoint Discriminator: [1] R1
  Bundle up for 00:02:25, total bandwidth 100000, load 1/255
  Receive buffer limit 12192 bytes, frag timeout 1000 ms
    0/0 fragments/bytes in reassembly list
    0 lost fragments, 0 reordered
    0/0 discarded fragments/bytes, 0 lost received
    0x0 received sequence, 0x0 sent sequence
  Member links: 1 (max not set, min not set)
    Vi2, since 00:02:25
No inactive multilink interfaces

R3#show ppp multilink

Virtual-Access4
  Bundle name: R1
  Remote Username: R1
  Remote Endpoint Discriminator: [1] R1
  Local Username: R3
  Local Endpoint Discriminator: [1] R3
  Bundle up for 00:03:06, total bandwidth 100000, load 1/255
  Receive buffer limit 12192 bytes, frag timeout 1000 ms
    0/0 fragments/bytes in reassembly list
    0 lost fragments, 0 reordered
    0/0 discarded fragments/bytes, 0 lost received
    0x0 received sequence, 0x0 sent sequence
  Member links: 1 (max not set, min not set)
    Vi2, since 00:03:07
No inactive multilink interfaces

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Frame Relay End to End Keepalive

LMI (Local Management interface) salah satu fungsinya adalah sebagai keepalive, namun terbatas hanya pada lokal link antara router dan FR switch. agar bisa mengetahui status remote end / ujung jauh kita bisa menggunakan Frame Relay end-to-end keepalive (FREEK). dengan begitu status dari DTE ujung bisa diketahui statusnya. apabila remote end down maka Router dapat dengan cepat mengambil keputusan untuk menggunakan link cadangan / backup (failover).

R2(config)#frame-relay switching
R2(config)#interface s1/0
R2(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R2(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce
R2(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco
R2(config-if)#frame-relay route 102 interface s1/1 201
R2(config-if)#no shut
R2(config-if)#interface s1/1
R2(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R2(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce
R2(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco
R2(config-if)#frame-relay route 201 interface s1/0 102
R2(config-if)#no shut

R1(config)#interface s1/0
R1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#interface s1/0.1 point
R1(config-subif)#ip add 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 102
R1(config-fr-dlci)#class freek
R1(config-fr-dlci)#exit
R1(config-subif)#backup interface s1/1
R1(config)#interface s1/1
R1(config-if)#ip add 21.21.21.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config)#router eigrp 10
R1(config-router)#network 0.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#exit
R1(config)#map-class frame-relay freek
R1(config-map-class)#frame-relay end-to-end keepalive mode bidirectional

R3(config)#interface s1/0
R3(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#interface s1/0.1 multipoint
R3(config-subif)#ip add 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 201
R3(config-fr-dlci)#class freek
%Creating new map-class.
R3(config-fr-dlci)#exit
R3(config-subif)#backup interface s1/1
R3(config)#interface s1/1
R3(config-if)#ip add 21.21.21.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shut
R3(config-if)#router eigrp 10
R3(config-router)#network 0.0.0.0
R3(config-router)#exit
R3(config-map-class)#frame-relay end-to-end keepalive mode bidirectional

R1#show frame-relay end-to-end keepalive
End-to-end Keepalive Statistics for Interface Serial1/0 (Frame Relay DTE)
DLCI = 102, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, VC STATUS = ACTIVE (EEK UP)

R3(config-map-class)#do show frame-relay end-to-end keepalive
End-to-end Keepalive Statistics for Interface Serial1/0 (Frame Relay DTE)
DLCI = 201, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, VC STATUS = ACTIVE (EEK UP) 

apabila S1/0 R3 jatuh,

R1#show frame-relay end-to-end keepalive
End-to-end Keepalive Statistics for Interface Serial1/0 (Frame Relay DTE)
DLCI = 102, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, VC STATUS = ACTIVE (EEK DOWN)

 otomatis link backupnya akan digunakan.

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FR Dynamic dan Statik Mapping - Subinterface

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FR Dynamic dan Static Mapping - Main Interface

Main interface pada frame-relay defaultnya adalah Multipoint, artinya Router membutuhkan mapping L3 ke L2. mappingnya bebas menggunakan dynamic mapping / InverseARP maupun Static Mapping.

Dynamic Mapping                                                                                                     

R1(config)#int s0/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
cukup dikonfigurasikan enkapsulasinya saja, karena menggunakan inverseARP yang otomatis akan aktif. InARP menggunakan LMI Status Message sebagai trigernya jadi jangan konfigurasikan "no keepalive"
R1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config)#int s0/0
R3(config-if)#ip add 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R3(config-if)#no shut

untuk menjadikan ruter sebagai frame-relay switch gunakan "frame-relay switching".
R2(config)#frame-relay switching
R2(config)#int s0/0
R2(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce
R2(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco
R2(config-if)#frame-relay route 102 interface s0/1 201
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config)#int s0/1
R2(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay 
R2(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco
R2(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce
R2(config-if)#frame-relay route 201 interface s0/0 102

R1(config-if)#do ping 12.12.12.2
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 12.12.12.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/8/8 ms

R1#show frame-relay map
Serial0/0 (up): ip 12.12.12.2 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), dynamic,
              broadcast,, status defined, active

R3(config-if)#do sh frame-relay map
Serial0/0 (up): ip 12.12.12.1 dlci 201(0xC9,0x3090), dynamic,
              broadcast,, status defined, active

Static Mapping                                                                                                          

command broadcast harus dilakukan agar routing bisa berjalan melewati frame-relay
R1(config-if)#int s0/0
R1(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 12.12.12.2 102 broadcast

R3(config)#int s0/0
R3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 12.12.12.1 201 broadcast

R1#show frame-relay map
Serial0/0 (up): ip 12.12.12.2 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), static,
              broadcast,
              CISCO, status defined, active

R2#show frame-relay map
Serial0/0 (up): ip 12.12.12.1 dlci 201(0xC9,0x3090), static,
              broadcast,
              CISCO, status defined, active

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